MEETING 5 ( DISCUSSION )

PREPARE YOUR FUTURE AND CREATE YOUR DREAM

( Created by : Ayu Amelia )

Goals:

1. To give motivation to the seminar participants.
2. To give problem solving for seminar participants related to the future that needs to prepared from now.
3. To give plans for all our desires in the future.
4. To give an overview of life goals and determine what potential we owned from now.
5. To add a lot of ideas for students to inspire and develop their dreams and future from now.
6. To realize dreams in the future.
7. To know how successful people arrange goals in their lives.

Benefits :

1. It is hoped that the seminar participants will procure knowledge about the goals that they will achieve in the future.
2. The  seminar participants are able to identify each of their respective life goals.
3. The seminar participants are able to make realistic plans to achieve their goals in the future.
4. The seminar participants will know the starting point for starting a success.
5. The  seminar participants are able to know how big the gap is between the starting point and the goals point of the dream in the future.
6. The seminar participants are able to think of every dream that increasingly clear in individual thinking.
7. The seminar participants can grow the life goals of their dreams, values, and beliefs naturally from each individual.
8. To grow motivation in each participant to develop success from now.
9. The participants are able to improve themselves

Explaining Process Chain (from the start up to the end) of the Job

( Created by Ayu Ningtiyas )

1. To hold an event seminar, it is necessary to prepare a seminar for adequate and comfortable space. Convenient for material participants and participants.
2. The seminar will not work if there are no seminar participants. Therefore, the committee must analyze precisely the target of the seminar participants according to the theme that will be held.
3. For the seminar directing the course, a moderator who is quite experienced is needed.
4. Before the participants tie into the space seminar. Participants are required to re-register at the registration desk.
5. The committee gives snacks that have been provided when registering for re-registration.
6. After registering, the participant's seminar enters the seminar at 8:00 a.m.
7. Participants expected in the previous place.
8. At 8:30 a.m., open the seminar and sing the song "Indonesia Raya".
9. After singing the Indonesia Raya song, the next event is the speech of the chief executive.
10. At 8.50 a.m., the Message from the Board of Trustees or the Responsible Board for the seminar.
11. At 9.00 a.m., presentation of Material 1 to be delivered by Speaker 1.
12. At 09:40 a.m., a question and answer session was held for material 1.
13. At 10.20 a.m., the destruction of Material 2 to be delivered by Speaker 2.
14. At 10:50 a.m., a question and answer session was held for material 2.
15. At 11:10 a.m., Closing and Prayer for the seminar.
16. Distribution of certificates is done at the time of registration after the event has finished.

Explaining Him/Herself Experience

( Created by Christina Meylani Gisela )

Becoming an Event Organizer have a lots of experience. All events made have different

stories. Some succeed and some fail and are faced with complicated clients making this work

colorful and not boring. Although doing the same thing, but with different people I understand

to overcome problems that can arise unexpectedly.

An exciting event is often the benchmark for the success of event organizers. I have to make

sure all the details and needs are available with the existing budget. Besides that, I also have

to follow the schedule that was made before. The targets that must be achieved, property,

borrowing venues, and looking for MC and the quality of sound are my responsibility. Being

an EO is indeed hard and dynamic, even though everything is planned but there are some

aspects that are unexpectedly, so it must work fast, think fast and the important thing is what

is needed by the event is fulfilled.

When I was participated in this Event Organizer Team, I also knew many people in various

professions and better understood how to behave under certain conditions. And I also got a lot

of knowledge from the people there, started to know and to build networks with them.

In organizing this event, we often find obstacles or problems such as limited costs, difficulties

in finding the right time and place, and lack of supporting sponsors. But with good team work,

we can work together to solve all problems and successfully hold events.

How to Delegate the Part of the Job

( Created by Fitria Syavira Harani )

This is a list of the person in charge of each job in a seminar entitled "PREPARE YOUR

FUTURE AND CREATE YOUR DREAM":

1.   Invitation

Like making invitation proposals for speakers. this section will be responsible for the event

section.

2.   Seminar Room

This section will be responsible for the event section.

3.   Sound System

This section will be held responsible by the logistics section.

4.   Stationery

This section will be held responsible by the logistics section.

5.   Consumption

This section will be responsible for the consumption section.

6.   Health

This section will be held responsible by the health section

7.   Moderator

This section will be held responsible by the event section selected to be mc.

8.   Sponsor

Such as making sponsorship proposals for companies that can be made sponsors for this

seminar.

How to Give Reports of the Jobs Progress

( Created by Pradivta Al fatihah )

Abstract

The seminar activities have been carried out successfully on all fields involved both from Gunadarma University, the executive body of Economics Faculty students, and Gunadarma University students. The program ran smoothly with more than 100 participants in the event. Preliminary plans, seminars for the Chairperson of Activities, pleased with the seminar and seminar program. The speeches carried out were quite clear and detailed as a form of appreciation and gratitude to the participants of the event especially the students of Gunadarma, who were attended the seminars.

How to Handle Some Problems for Seminar Event

( Created by Rakha Khansa Sakila P M )

·       Problems:

There is no seminar participant certificate.

Solution:

we handle it by sending e-certificates to participants who have already finished.

·         Problems:

One of three speakers was unable to attend.

Solution:

To handle it, we provide additions to the two speakers who attended and held games for the seminar visitors.

·         Problems:

Some microphones died when delivering material by the speakers.

Solution:

To hanle it, we provide microphone more than the number of speakers, the condition occurs so that something can be considered as.

·         Problems:

Participants have difficulty finding a toilet location

Solution:

To handle this problem, we will provide an information board that can be used for toilets.

·         Problems:

Participants forget to bring an entrance ticket

Solution:

To handle this problem, the committee only needs to test the data in accordance with the data that has been made when they fill in their personal data when buying a ticket

Members :

1.      Ayu Amelia

2.      Ayu Ningtiyas

3.      Christina Meylani Gisela

4.      Fitria Syavira Harani

5.      Pradivta Alfatihah

6.      Rakha Khansa Sakila P M

7.      Salma Nur Azizah

MEETING 6 ( CONVERSATION )

Felicia : Hello, good morning. Welcome to our store, may I help you?

( Christina Meylani Gisela & Fitria Syavira Harani )

Milenia : Good morning, sure. I want to buy a laptop but I can’t decide between Asus or Lenovo, which one is better from specification and performance but with affordable price. Can you give me some advice, please?

( Christina Meylani Gisela & Fitria Syavira Harani )

Felicia : With my pleasure, I think Asus is better because it has 4 GB of Memory/RAM which is very good for a laptop with price only of Rp. 6.500.000,00. Meanwhile, for Lenovo with the same price just has 2 GB of Memory/RAM.

( Christina Meylani Gisela & Fitria Syavira Harani )

Milenia: Oh, I see. But could you explain it in more detail?

 ( Christina Meylani Gisela & Fitria Syavira Harani )

Felicia  : Sure. Asus has Intel HD Graphics, screen size 14”, OS Ms.Windows 8.1 Original, CPU Intel Dual Core N2840, 4 GB of Memory/RAM, Harddisk 500GB, Connection Bluetooth and Wifi, Weight 1,8 kg. If it’s enough?

( Christina Meylani Gisela & Fitria Syavira Harani )

Milenia : Yes, I think enough. Thank you. So, I’ll buy Asus. Is there a promo?

( Christina Meylani Gisela & Fitria Syavira Harani )

Felicia : Yeah, sure. We were having a promo when you buy Asus product you’ll get a wireless mouse and cashback up to Rp. 500.000,00.

( Christina Meylani Gisela & Fitria Syavira Harani )

Milenia : Oh, sounds great. Okay, I’ll take one. But, how about the guarantee?

( Ayu Amelia & Ayu Ningtiyas )

Felicia  : Yes, you’ll get the guarantee for buying a Asus laptop. Guarantee shop is only 3  days from today but 1 year from Asus. But, you’ve to fill the form of guarantee card first.

( Ayu Amelia & Ayu Ningtiyas )

Milenia : Okay, may I borrow a pen? I didn’t bring it hehehe.

( Ayu Amelia & Ayu Ningtiyas )

Felicia  : Sure. There are more I can helped?

( Ayu Amelia & Ayu Ningtiyas )

Milenia : Oh, no it’s enough.

( Ayu Amelia & Ayu Ningtiyas )

Felicia : Okay, for a payment please do it at the cashier. Thank you

( Ayu Amelia & Ayu Ningtiyas )

Milenia : You’re welcome.

( Ayu Amelia & Ayu Ningtiyas )

                        ( a month later )

Ferguso : Hello, good morning. Welcome to our store, may I help you?

( Pradivta Al fatihah, Rakha Khansa Sakila PM, and Salma Nur Azizah )

Milenia : Sure, last month I bought a Asus laptop in here but only a few days the Bluetooth and Wifi connection can’t be used properly. Whether the guarantee is still valid?

( Pradivta Al fatihah, Rakha Khansa Sakila PM, and Salma Nur Azizah )

Ferguso : There’s still has a guarantee but I’ll check your laptop first. ( a few minutes later ) Oh, right. The Bluetooth and Wifi connection can’t be function properly. I have two options, your laptop want to be serviced or replaced with the new one?

( Pradivta Al fatihah, Rakha Khansa Sakila PM, and Salma Nur Azizah )

Milenia : Hmmm.. If I take the option 2, should I paid more?

( Pradivta Al fatihah, Rakha Khansa Sakila PM, and Salma Nur Azizah )

Ferguso : No, it’s free because the guarantee is still valid.

( Pradivta Al fatihah, Rakha Khansa Sakila PM, and Salma Nur Azizah )

Milenia : Sounds great. So, I’ll choose my laptop to replaced with the new one.

( Pradivta Al fatihah, Rakha Khansa Sakila PM, and Salma Nur Azizah )

Ferguso : Okay, I’ll handle it for a while. Please, Wait a minutes.

( Pradivta Al fatihah, Rakha Khansa Sakila PM, and Salma Nur Azizah )

Milenia : Sure, I’ll wait.

( Pradivta Al fatihah, Rakha Khansa Sakila PM, and Salma Nur Azizah )

( a few minutes later )

Ferguso : Ms. Milenia here is your new laptop.

( Christina Meylani Gisela & Fitria Syavira Harani )

Milenia : Yes, thank you so much Mr. Ferguso.

( Christina Meylani Gisela & Fitria Syavira Harani )

Ferguso : With my pleasure. Thank you for being our customer.

( Christina Meylani Gisela & Fitria Syavira Harani )

Milenia : You’re welcome. Happy to be able to work with you. See you!

( Christina Meylani Gisela & Fitria Syavira Harani )

Ferguso : Thank you.

( Christina Meylani Gisela & Fitria Syavira Harani )

Members :

1.      Ayu Amelia

2.      Ayu Ningtiyas

3.      Christina Meylani Gisela

4.      Fitria Syavira Harani

5.      Pradivta Al fatihah

6.      Rakha Khansa Sakila

7.      Salma Nur Azizah

MEETING 7 ( TALK )

YOUR DESTINY TRAVEL AGENT

            Hello, good morning everyone. How are you today? Hopefully fineJ.Thank you for coming to Travel Fair 2018 in Kota Kasablanka. We’re going to present our travel agent, “Your Destiny Travel Agent”. We will bring you to travel around the world and also guide you. Are you curious about our travel? So without having to wait long, lets get it! (Ayu Amelia & Ayu Ningtiyas)

            Here we are from "Your Destiny Travel Agent" offering international vacation packages such as Malaysia, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, and many more. Sound interesting, isn't it? but don't worry, for this moment we have a special package and cash back for the first 20 buyers. What’s the package? Yes, the package is a vacation to South Korea with a starting price only IDR 8,450,000. Where you can vacation to South Korea with a very affordable price and excellent fasilities. (Christina Meylani Gisela & Pradivta Al fatihah)

            Now, we will explain about our itinerary tour packages SEOUL – NAMI ISLAND – MT. SORAK.

• Day 1  : JAKARTA – HONGKONG/SINGAPORE

Gather at Soekarno Hatta airport for flights to Korea. Accommodation: Overnight on a plane.

• Day 2  : SINGAPORE/HONGKONG – INCHEON SEOUL – NAMI ISLAND – MT.   SORAK

Arriving at Incheon International Airport, you will be escorted to Bukchon Hanok Village which is a residential building complex consisting of ruman rows - traditional Korean houses which are relics from the Joseon Dynasty. After that, you will be taken to Soyanggang Skywalk where you can see the beauty of the Uiamho Lake from the glass floor with a length of 156M. And then Nami Island visits "Winter Sonata Shooting Place". Nami Island is an artificial island with a romantic atmosphere and has the beauty of 4 seasons which are very famous in Korea. Then the journey continues towards Mt. Cheers. (Lunch, Dinner). Accommodation: I-Park Resort or similar.

• Day 3  : SORAK – YEOJU OUTLET – SEOUL

After breakfast, the journey continues to Mt. Sorak National Park, you will see Kwongeumsung Fortress Hill with a cable car (Depends on local weather conditions), Sinheungsa Temple, and also the Great Bronze Buddha. Then continue the journey back to Seoul by stopping at Yeoju Premium Outlet and then proceed by visiting or passing through N Seoul Tower (Love Lock) and Dongdaemun to shop freely. (Breakfast, Lunch). Accommodation: Lucebridge Hotel or similar

• Day 4  : SEOUL CITY TOUR

Today you will be invited to tour the city of Seoul starting with visiting or passing through Gyeongbok Palace, the National Folklore Museum, and the Presidential Blue House, The Face Shop, Duty Free Shop, Ginseng Factory, and Red Pine Shop. You also have the opportunity to try making Kimchi and try using traditional Korean Hanbok. At night you will be escorted to Myeongdong for free shopping. (Breakfast, Lunch). Accommodation: Lucebridge Hotel or similar

• Day 5  : SEOUL – HONGKONG/SINGAPORE

After breakfast you will be escorted to visit the Natural Health Center. Followed by visiting Songwol-Dong Fairy Tale Village which has beautiful buildings with paintings that make you like in a fairyland. In the Cherry Blossom period you will be escorted to visit Yeouido Park * (*Depends on local weather conditions). Stop by at Grocery Market to buy souvenirs before heading to Airport for flights back home. (Breakfast, Lunch)

• Day 6  : SINGAPORE/ HONGKONG – JAKARTA

Today you are scheduled to arrive in Jakarta. (Fitria Syavira Harani & Salma Nur Azizah)

You can get more information of itinerary by visiting our booth.

Next, we will inform you about the cost of the trip.

DEPARTURE	AIRLINES	COST
Jan : 27 Feb : 12, 19, 20	CX	IDR 8,450,000
(Cherry Blossom) Mar : 28	SQ	IDR 9,850,000
(Long Weekend) May : 20	SQ	IDR 10,000,000
(Summer) July : 18	CX	IDR 9,700,000
(Spring) September : 2	CX	IDR 8,590,000
(Autumn) November : 15	SQ	IDR 10,500,000
(Winter/Christmas/New Year Holiday) Desember : 17	CX	IDR 12,500,000
The cost include Airport Tax International/+ Fuel Surcharge

Additonal Cost:

• Single Supplement : IDR 2,000,000
• Visa Korea
• Required Tipping

§  Tour Leader    : IDR 35,000/person/day for Tour Leader.

§  Local Guide & Driver : IDR 90,000/person/day for local guide and driver. ( Rakha Khansa Sakila PM )

            That's all the information we can give. Sound interesting right? And very affordable too. So what are you waiting for? Choose the date and season you’ll depart because the promo won’t last forever. If you are interested please order from now by visiting our booth, you can also get more information about the packages. And also for the first 20 buyers can get a special cash back. Are you curious about how much you can get the cash back? Just visit our stand booth! So, that's all we can say. We are waiting you all at our booth. Enjoy your holiday with us. Thank you for your attention, see you. ( Fitria Syavira Harani & Salma Nur Azizah )

Members         :
Ayu Amelia
Ayu Ningtiyas
Christina Meylani Gisela
Fitria Syavira Harani
Pradivta Al fatihah
Rakha Khansa Sakila P M
Salma Nur Azizah

New Product – MyPro D-1310

                                                                      MyPro D-1310

Good morning everyone, thanks for coming to this morning’s meeting. I want to introduce the new product that will be launched soon. The name of product is MyPro D-1310, it is a LED Mini Projector. This projector is made with a small size, which is 25x8x10 cm. The projector is used to display images, videos, and others. This projector is made to support 3D, so that users can enjoy the new sensation of watching 3D movies with the closest people whenever and wherever. With a resolution of 1366×1024 pixels, it looks enough to support a good display. There are two buttons, power button and a button to adjust the 3D display. If you want to connect your PC / laptop to the projector, you don’t need to use a cable, it only requires bluetooth to connect it. This projector is available in 3 colors, black, white and grey. The advantages of this product are  small in size, supports 3D, easy to carry, speaker support, and others. The weaknesses are this projector is not support for 4K, low resolution, and not support PC / laptop without Bluetooth. In the box of the product includes MyPro D-1310 LED Mini Projector, remote control, cable to connect to the socket, instruction manual book, and warranty card. The ability of this projector to support 3D is not equipped with 3D glasses. 3D glasses are sold separately with other accessories such as pointer screens, projector bags and tripod. After we calculated the overall cost of making this product, me and my team agreed to sell this product at a price of Rp. 800,000.



Members :

    Ayu Amelia
    Ayu Ningtiyas
    Christina Meylani Gisela
    Fitria Syavira Harani
    Pradivta Alfatihah
    Rakha Khansa Sakila Putri Malik
    Salma Nur Azizah

Organization Structure

Organization Structure of PT. PERTAMINA


 

1. President Director

• Coordinate and control activities in the field of financial administration, staffing, and secretarial affairs.
• Lead the entire board of executive committee.
• Acting as a representative of the organization in reation to external parties.

2. Vice Director

• Arrange and evaluate company goals and plans.
• Manage company wealth.
• Supervise the activities and perfomance of top level employees.

3. Head Of Internal Supervision Unit 

•  Make a policy strategies and plan monitoring activities.
• Reporting all the results of its supervisory activities directly to the managing director and providing copies to the commissioner through the audit committee.
• Provide advice to all management levels for audit results.

4. Corporate Secretary 

• Attending board of directors meetings and joint meetings between commissioners and directors.
• Collecting all important information about the company from every unit.
• Reporting the responsibilities to the president director continously.

5. Head of Corporate Law

• Coordinate the management of regulatory documents.
• Adjust the rules with decision making.

6. Director of Refinery

• Maintain a good relations with partnership.
• Make a report on the results of the implementation of the task to the boss.

7. General Director

• Controlling income money, the result of billing the water usage account from the consumen.
• Coordinate and control the activities of organizers and equipment.
• Coordinate and control activities in the field of financial administration, staffing, and secretarial affairs.

8. Director of Marketing and Commercial

• Planning the programs for short and long term in order to support the marketing purpose.
• Controlling and supervising marketing costs.

9. Director of LNG

• Head of the LNG Business Sector supervises: LNG Market Development Manager, LNG Sales Manager, LNG Transportation Manager, LNG Plant Operations Manager.

10. Director of Human Resources

• Estabilish and mantain an appropriate system to measure important aspects of human resource development.
• Arrange and develop directly staff.
• Manage and control the HR expenditure department in accordance with the approved budget.

11. Director of Financial

• Choose a plan for short term income and expenses based on the approved budget at the president director meeting.
• Supervise all problems that are related to the financial provision and all company funds.

Members :

    Ayu Amelia
    Ayu Ningtiyas
    Christina Meylani Gisela
    Fitria Syavira Harani
    Pradivta Alfatihah
    Rakha Khansa Sakila Putri Malik
    Salma Nur Azizah

Business Call Conversation

(Secretary & Chris Evans)

Secretary         :  Good afternoon, Stark Company. Rose speaking, how may I help you?

Chris Evans     :  Good afternoon. May I speak to Mr. Stark, please?

Secretary         :  Whom am I speaking with?

Chris Evans     :  My name is Chris Evans. I am a new client and I want to make

                          a business appointment with him.

Secretary         :  Wait a second, Mr. Evans. I’ll see if he is in.

 

(Secretary & Mr. Stark)

Secretary         :  Hallo, Mr. Stark. I’ve got Chris Evans on the phone for you.

Mr. Stark         :  Ok, wait a second. Please connect me with him.

Secretary         :  Well, Mr. Stark. I will connect your call right now.


(Mr. Stark & Chris Evans)

Mr. Stark         :  Tony Stark speaking, am I speaking to Chris Evans?

Chris Evans     :  Good afternoon, Mr. Stark. Yes, I am Chris Evans. I’m glad to talk with

                          you.

Mr. Stark         :  Ok Mr. Evans, what are you going to talk about?

Chris Evans     :  I would like to offer you a concept about our new project.

Mr. Stark         :  If I may ask, what is the project about?

Chris Evans     :  The project is about making a new innovation to build a different and

                          luxury real estate in the center of New York City. If you want to know

                          more details about this project, do you mind if we meet to discuss 

                          about this project?

Mr. Stark        :  Sure, I think it’s an interesting project. You can make an appointment

                         with me through my secretary.

Chris Evans    :  Thank you for your time, Mr. Stark.

Mr. Stark        :  Sure, no problem Mr. Evans.

(Secretary & Chris Evans)

Secretary        :  Good afternoon, Stark Company. Rose speaking, how may I help you?

Chris Evans    :  Good afternoon. I’m Chris Evans. I would like to arrange an

                         appointment with Mr. Stark to discuss about my project. Would it be

                         possible to meet Mr. Stark on 3rd September at his office ?

Secretary        :  Ok wait a minute, Mr Evans. I want to check his schedule on 3rd

                         September first.

Chris Evans    :  Ok.

Secretary        :  I have checked his schedule, 3rd September aound 2 PM sounds fine.

                         Can you let me know if this is ok for you?

Chris Evans   :  It sounds fine for me too. Thank you.

Secretary       :  Oke. Have a nice day, Mr. Evans.



Members :

    Ayu Amelia
    Ayu Ningtiyas
    Christina Meylani Gisela
    Fitria Syavira Harani
    Pradivta Alfatihah
    Rakha Khansa Sakila Putri Malik
    Salma Nur Azizah

Introduce ourself and other in a Business Situation

(In a Cafe)

Lissa     :  Hi, Jenny! How are you? I haven’t seen you in a while

Jenny    :  Oh Hello Lissa.. I’m fine, it has been a long time

Lissa     :  Yeah, you’re right. It’s almost a year we don’t meet each other. 

                Oh ya Jenny..this is my friend, her name is Rose.

Rose      :  Hi Jenny

Jenny     :  Hi Rose, nice to meet you. Where do you come from ?

Rose      :  Pleased to meet you too. I’m from the same city with Lissa

Jenny    :  Oh, How do you know each other ?

Lissa     :  We work together. What are you doing these days, Jenny?

Jenny    :  Oh. I work for one of the biggest company in this center Jakarta as an

                secretary. My office is near from Here.

Lissa     :  Oh, that sounds great !. So, is the job going well ?

Jenny    :  Of course, I’m enjoying it. Having a good teamwork and work with kind and

                capability person on their side is a good point I get from this job.  How about

                you Lissa ?

Lissa     :  Oh, I’m a counceling teacher. I help students to learn how to treat and love

                themselves, I also hearing and solving their problem by giving some advice.

Jenny    :  That’s interesting. How long have you been working in that school ?

Lissa     :  I have been working there almost 4 years

Jenny    :  Such a long time. How about you Rose ?

Rose     :  Oh I’m an English teacher. Just like basically, I help students to learn about

                writing, reading, and speaking english properly.

Jenny    :  Where do you two teach ?

Lissa     :  In Singapore International School. It’s about 5 km from here

Jenny    :  Oh I see. And then where are you living at now Lissa?

Lissa     :  I stay in Andalas Apartment. I shared room with Rose, we living together.

                How about you?

Jenny    :  Oh, I’m living in my parent house in Setiabudi area

Lissa     :  Thats great. Could I take your phone number? We have to meet again next time

Jenny    :  Sure. Its 0812 2345 5678 . Make sure we have to meet and take a moment

                together again Lissa and Rose.

Rose     :  Yeah, exactly.

Lissa     :  We have to go now Jenny, I had another plan with Rose after this lunch

Jenny    :  Oh I get it. Take care on your way guys

Lissa     :  Yeah, thank you

Rose     :  See you later Jenny

Jenny    :  See you later Lissa Rose.



Members :

    Ayu Amelia
    Ayu Ningtiyas
    Christina Meylani Gisela
    Fitria Syavira Harani
    Pradivta Alfatihah
    Rakha Khansa Sakila Putri Malik
    Salma Nur Azizah

BAB 12

PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA

12.1     Pendahuluan

Pihak yang merasa dirugikan akan menyampaikan ketidakpuasannya kepada pihak kedua, apabila pihak kedua dapat menanggapi dan memberi perasaan puas kepada pihak pertama maka selesailah konflik tersebut, sebaliknya jika reaksi pihak kedua menunjukkan perbedaan pendapat atau memiliki nilai-nilai yang berbeda maka akan terjadi perselisihan, sehingga dinamakan sengketa.

Penyelesaian sengketa secara formal berkembang menjadi proses adjudikasi yang terdiri atas proses melalui pengadilan (litigasi) dan abitrase (perwasitan), serta proses penyelesaian-penyelesaian konflik secara informal yang berbasis pada kesepakatan pihak-pihak yang bersengketa melalui negosiasi dan mediasi.

12.2     Cara – Cara Penyelesaian Sengketa

Di dalam penyelesaian sengketa dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai bentuk, antara lain negosiasi (negotiation), melalui pihak ketiga, mediasi, konsiliasi, abitrase, peradilan, dan peradilan umum.

1.    Negosiasi (Negotiation)

Negosiasi adalah proses tawar-menawar dengan jalan berunding guna mencapai kesepakatan bersama antara satu pihak (kelompok atau organisasi) dan pihak (kelompok atau organisasi) lain. Negosiasi juga diartikan suatu cara penyelesaian sengketa secara damai melalui perundingan antara pihak yang berperkara.

Dalam hal ini, negosiasi merupakan komunikasi dua arah yang dirancang untuk mencapai kesepakatan pada saat kedua belah pihak memiliki berbagai kepentingan yangsama maupun yang berbeda.

2.      Mediasi

Mediasi adalah proses pengikutsertaan pihak ketiga dalam penyelesaian suatu perselisihan sebagai penasihat.

Dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa mediasi merupakan salah satu bentuk negosiasi antara para pihak yang bersengketa dan melibatkan pihak ketiga dengan tujuan membantu demi tercapainya penyelesaian yang bersifat kompromistis.

Sementara itu, pihak ketiga yang ditunjuk membantu menyelesaikan sengketa dinamakan sebagai mediator. Oleh karena itu, pengertian mediasi mengandung unsur-unsur, antara lain :

• Merupakan sebuah proses penyelesaian sengketa berdasarkan perundingan
• Mediator terlibat dan diterima oleh para pihak yang bersengketa di dalam perundingan
• Mediator bertugas membantu para pihak yang bersengketa untuk mencari penyelesaian
• Tujuan mediasi untuk mencapai atau menghasilkan kesepakatan yang dapat diterima pihak- pihak yang bersengketa guna mengakhiri sengketa.

Dengan demikian, putusan yang diambil atau yang dicapai oleh mediasi merupakan putusan yang disepakati bersama oleh para pihak yang dapat berbentuk nilai-nilai atau norma-norma yang menjadi tatanan dalam masyarakat.

Jika dengan cara mediasi tidak menghasilkan suatu putusan diantara para pihak maka masing-masing pihak boleh menempuh cara penyelesaian lain, seperti melalui pengadilan , abitrase atau lain-lain.

3.      Konsiliasi

Konsiliasi adalah usaha mempertemukan keinginan pihak yang berselisih untuk mencapai persetujuan dan penyelesaian. Dalam menyelesaikan perselisihan , konsiliator memiliki hak dan kewenangan untuk menyampaikan pendapat secara terbuka dan tidak memihak kepada yang bersengketa.

Selain itu, konsiliator tidak berhak untuk membuat putusan dalam sengketa untuk dan atas nama para pihak sehingga keputusan akhir merupakan proses konsiliasi yang diambil sepenuhnya oleh para pihak dalam sengketa yang dituangkan dalam bentuk kesempatan di antara mereka.

4.      Arbitrase

Arbitrase adalah usaha perantara dalam meleraikan sengketa. Dalam penyelesaian sengketa melalui lembaga abitrase lebih disukai oleh pelaku ekonomi dalam kontrak bisnis yang bersifat nasional maupun internasional dikarenakan sifat kerahasiaannya, prosedur sederhana, purusan abitrase mengikat para pihak, dan disebabkan putusan yang diberikan bersifat final.

Arbitrase adalah sebagai upaya hukum dalam perkembangan dunia usaha, baik nasional maupun internasional. Berdasarkan Undang – Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999, arbitrase merupakan cara penyelesaian suatu sengketa perdata di luar pengadilan umum yang didasarkan perjanjian arbitrase yang dibuat secara tertulis oleh para pihak yang bersengketa.

Perjanjian arbitrase merupakan kesepakatan berupa klausula arbitrase yang tercantum dalam suatu perjanjian tertulis yang dibuat para pihak sebelum timbul sengketa atau suatu perjanjian arbitrase tersendiri yang dibuat para pihak setelah timbul sengketa.

Arbitrase terbagi 2 jenis, yaitu :

·           Arbitrase ad hoc atau arbitrase volunteer

Merupakan arbitrase yang dibentuk secara khusus untuk menyelesaikan atau memutuskan perselisihan tertentu.

·           Arbitrase institusional

Merupakan suatu lembaga atau badan arbitrase yang bersifat “permanen”, sehingga arbitrase institusional tetap berdiri untuk selamanya dan tidak bubar , meskipun perselisihan yang ditangani telah selesai diputus. Sementara itu, di Indonesia terdapat dua lembaga arbitrase yang memberikan jasa arbitrase , yakni Badan Arbitrase Nasional Indonesia (BANI) dan Badan Arbitrase Muamalat Indonesia (BAMUI).

Keputusan arbitrase bersifat final, berarti putusan arbitrase merupakan keputusan final dan karenanya tidak dapat diajukan banding, kasasi, atau perjanjian kembali. Berdasarkan Pasal 66 Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999, suatu putusan arbitrase internasional hanya diakui serta dapat dilaksanakan di wilayah hukum Republik Indonesia, jika telah memenuhi persyaratan seperti berikut :

• Putusan arbitrase internasional dijatuhkan oleh arbiter atau majelis arbitrase disuatu Negara yang dengan Negara Indonesia terikat pada perjanjian, baik secara bilateral maupun multilateral mengenai pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan arbitrase internasional.
• Putusan arbitrase internasional terbatas pada putusan yang menurut ketentuan hukum Indonesia termasuk dalam ruang lingkup hukum perdagangan.
• Putusan arbitrase internasional hanya dapat dilaksanakan di Indonesia dan keputusannya tidak bertentangan dengan ketertiban umum.
• Putusan arbitrase internasional dapat dilaksanakan di Indonesia setelah memperoleh eksekutor dari Ketua Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Pusat.

Dengan demikian, suatu keputusan arbitrase terhadap para pihak dapat mengajukan permohonan pembatalan apabila putusan tersebut diduga mengandung unsur-unsur seperti berikut 

• Surat atau dokumen yang diajukan dalam pemeriksaan setelah putusan dijatuhkan diketahui palsu atau dinyatakan palsu.
• Setelah putusan diambil ditemukan dokumen yang bersifat menentukan dan yang disembunyikan oleh pihak lawan.
• Putusan diambil dari hasil tipu muslihat yang dilakukan oleh salah satu pihak dalam pemeriksaan sengketa. 

5.      Peradilan

Pengadilan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 2 tahun 1986 adalah pengadilan negeri dan pengadilan tinggi di lingkungan peradilan umum. Berdasarkan Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2004, penyelenggara kekuasaan kehakiman dilakukan oleh sebuah Mahkamah Agung dan Badan peradilan yang berbeda di bawahnya dalam lingkungan peradilan umum, lingkunagan peradilan agama, lingkungan peradilan militer ,lingkungan peradilan tata usaha Negara, dan oleh sebuah mahkamah konstitusi.

6.      Peradilan Umum

Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2004 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 1986 tentang Peradilan Umum, yang dimaksud dengan peradilan umum adalah salah satu kekuasaan kehakiman bagi rakyat pencari keadilan yang pada umumnya mengenai perkara perdata dan pidana. Dengan demikian, kekuasaan kehakiman di lingkungan peradilan umum dilaksanakan oleh pengadilan negeri, pengadilan tinggi, dan Mahkamah Agung.

·           Pengadilan Negeri

Pengadilan Negeri adalah pengadilan tingkat pertama yang berkedudukan di kota madya atau ibukota kabupaten dan daerah hukumnya meliputi wilayah kota madya atau kabupaten, yang dibentuk dengan keputusan presiden.

·           Pengadilan Tinggi

Pengadilan tinggi adalah pengadilan tingkat banding yang berkedudukan di ibukota propinsi dan daerah hukumnya meliputi wilayah propinsi yang dibentuk dengan undang-undang.

·           Mahkamah Agung

Ketentuan mengenai Mahkamah Agung diatur dalam Undang-Undang No.14 tahun 1985, merupakan pengadilan Negara tertinggi dari semua lingkungan peradilan yang dalam melaksanakan tugasnya terlepas dari pengaruh pemerintah dan pengaruh-pengaruh lain yang berkedudukan di ibukota Negara Republik Indonesia.

Perbandingan antara Perundingan , Arbitrase, dan Litigasi

Proses	Perundingan	Arbitrase	Litigasi
Yang mengatur	Para pihak	Arbiter	Hakim
Prosedur	Informal	Agak Formal sesuai dengan rule	Sangat formal dan teknis
Jangka waktu	Segera (3-6 minggu)	Agak cepat ( 3-6 bulan )	Lama ( 2 tahun lebih )
Biaya	Murah	Terkadang sangat mahal	Sangat mahal ( expensive)
Aturan pembuktian	Tidak perlu	Agak informal	Sangat formal dan teknis
Publikasi	Konfidensial	Konfidensial	Terbuka untuk umum
Hubungan para pihak	Kooperatif	Antagonistis	Antagonistis
Focus penyelesaian	For the future	Masa lalu ( the past )	Masa lalu ( the past )
Metode negoisasi	Kompromis	Sama keras pada prinsip hukum	Sama keras pada prinsip hukum
Komunikasi	Memperbaiki yang sudah lalu	Jalan buntu ( blocked)	Jalan buntu ( blocked)
Result	Win – win	Win – lose	Win – lose
Pemenuhan	Sukarela	Selalu di tolak dan mengajukan oposisi	Ditolak dan mencari dalih
Suasana emosional	Bebas emosi	Emosional	Emosi bergejolak

sumber :

https://lintangasmara.wordpress.com/2011/05/16/bab-12-penyelesaian-sengketa/